Table 2 Demographic characteristics of the included studies
First Author (year) | Location | Study Design | Health status | Sex | Sample size | Duration (week) | Mean age (year) ± SD | Baseline BMI (kg/m2) ± SD | Baseline creatinine values (µmol/L) | Intervention group | Control group | Outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention groupp | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | ||||||||||
1. Aneiros (1993) [41] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Primary hypercholesterolemia | Both | 30 | 6 | 60 | 58 | 27 | 76.4 | 81.7 | 5 mg policosanol twice daily (10 mg/day) | Placebo | Creatinine | |
2. Aneiros (1995) [22] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 45 | 6 | 58 | 60 | NA | 79.7 | 81.8 | 5 mg policosanol twice daily (10 mg/day) | Placebo | Creatinine | |
3. Arteche-Hidalgo (2020) [42] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Metabolic syndrome | Both | 100 | 24 | 51 ± 8 | 50 ± 9 | 30.8 ± 4.8 | 30 ± 4.7 | 102 | 102 | 10 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine |
4. Castano (1) (1995) [43] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 68 | 48 | 52 | 52 | NA | 87.0 | 85.2 | 5 mg policosanol twice daily (10 mg/day) | Placebo | Creatinine | |
5. Castano (2) (1995) [50] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 58 | 48 | 64 | 65 | NA | 87.2 | 86.4 | 10 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine | |
6. Castano (1996) [44] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 54 | 48 | 56 ± 9 | 58 ± 8 | 57 | 92.0 | 86.2 | 5 mg policosanol twice daily (10 mg/day) | Placebo | Creatinine | |
7. Castano (1) (2001) [45] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 41 | 8 | 63 ± 6 | 61 ± 8 | 26.4 ± 5.1 | 27 ± 4.6 | 95.6 | 95.0 | 10 mg twice daily (20 mg/day) | Placebo | Creatinine |
8. Castano (2) (2001) [52] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia and more than one concomitant atherosclerotic risk factor | Both | 179 | 12 | 67 ± 5 | 66 ± 4 | 27.7 ± 5.6 | 27.1 ± 5.9 | 88.9 | 88.1 | 5 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine |
9. Castano (2002) [46] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Hypertension and type II hypercholesterolaemia | Both | 589 | 48 | 66 ± 5 | 66 ± 5 | 27.5 ± 4.8 | 27 ± 4.9 | 91.5 | 91.9 | 5 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine |
10. Castano (2003) [47] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Borderline to mildly elevated serum total cholesterol levels | Both | 100 | 14 | 52 ± 9 | 52 ± 11 | 25.9 ± 4.7 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 87.7 | 91.7 | 5 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine |
11. Castano (a) (2005) [48] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 45 | 8 | 65 ± 8 | 67 ± 7 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 26.1 ± 3.5 | 81.7 | 78.3 | 5 mg/day policosanol + omega-3 FA | Placebo + omega-3 FA | Creatinine |
12. Castano (b) (2005) [48] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 45 | 8 | 65 ± 8 | 67 ± 7 | 25 ± 4.2 | 26.1 ± 3.5 | 77.7 | 78.3 | 10 mg/day policosanol + omega-3 FA | Placebo + omega-3 FA | Creatinine |
13. Castano (2006) [41] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Hypercholesterolemia | Both | 54 | 3 | 58 ± 11 | 58 ± 14 | 26.1 ± 3.1 | 26.4 ± 4.8 | 72.9 | 73.9 | 10 mg/day policosanol + 1 g/d omega-3 FA | Placebo + 1 g/d omega-3 FA | Creatinine |
14. Castano (1997) [29] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 39 | 10 | 57 ± 13 | 59 ± 7 | 31.9 ± 7.9 | 32.2 ± 8 | 88.5 | 83.2 | 5 mg policosanol twice daily (10 mg/day) | Placebo | Creatinine |
15. Castano (2007) [51] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Documented coronary or cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking habits and (or) diabetes | Both | 239 | 144 | 65 ± 5 | 66 ± 5 | 25.6 ± 4.5 | 25.1 ± 6 | 90.3 | 90.6 | 5 mg/day policosanol + benzodiazepinas | Placebo + benzodiazepinas | Creatinine |
16. Marcello (2000) [53] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Combined dyslipidemia | Both | 29 | 8 | 55 ± 7 | 53 ± 7 | 27.7 ± 4.1 | 31.2 ± 9.2 | 96.0 | 95.0 | 10 mg/day policosanol + 400 mg/day bezafibrate | Placebo + bezafibrate | Creatinine |
17. Más (1999) [23] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia and additional coronary risk factors | Both | 437 | 12 | 57 ± 9 | 58 ± 10 | 28.4 ± 5.7 | 28.8 ± 5.8 | 87.4 | 87.3 | 5 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine |
18. Pons (1992)[50] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Primary hypercholesterolemia | Both | 48 | 8 | 60 | NA | 97.8 | 94.7 | 5 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine | ||
19. Pons (1994)[44] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Type II hypercholesterolemia | Both | 57 | 48 | 61 | 60 | NA | 97.7 | 97.2 | 5 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine | |
20. Swanson (2011) [54] | Chicago | RCT, double-blind, crossover | Stable HIV-infected people (91% black) with at least one lipid abnormality | Both | 54 | 12 | 44.6 ± 5.4 | 46.8 ± 6.5 | 26.7 | 28.4 | 97.2 | 97.2 | 20 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine |
21. Wang (2018) [55] | China | RCT, parallel | Mixed dyslipidemia | Both | 64 | 24 | 68.8 ± 8.1 | 68.7 ± 7.4 | 24.7 ± 3.6 | 25.4 ± 2.1 | 74.3 | 86.2 | 20 mg/day policosanol + 200 mg/day fenofibrate | 200 mg/day fenofibrate | Creatinine |
22. Zardoya (1996) [56] | Cuba | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Primary hypercholesterolemia and abnormal serum biochemical indicators of hepatic function | Both | 22 | 12 | 55 ± 8 | 50 ± 7 | 25.4 | 92.4 | 96.5 | 5 mg/day policosanol | Placebo | Creatinine | |
23. Cho (2023) [57] | Japan | RCT, double-blind, parallel | Healthy | Both | 65 | 12 | 52 | 22.1 | 64.5 | 66.3 | 10 mg cuban policosanol twice daily (20 mg/day) | Placebo | Creatinine | ||