Table 1 Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials, assessed according to the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 1)
Publications | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Selective reporting | Blinding (participants and personnel) | Blinding (outcome assessment) | Incomplete outcome data | other source of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Aneiros (1993) [41] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
2. Aneiros (1995) [22] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
3. Arteche-Hidalgo (2020) [42] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
4. Castano (1) (1995) [43] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
5. Castano (1996) [44] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
6. Castano (1) (2001) [45] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
7. Castano (2002) [46] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
8. Castano (2003) [47] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
9. Castano (2005) [48] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
10. Castano (2006) [49] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
11. Castano (2) (1995) [50] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
12. Castano (1997) [29] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
13. Castano (2007) [51] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
14. Castano (2) (2001) [52] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
15. Marcello (2000) [53] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
16. Más (1999) [23] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
17. Pons (1992) [50] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
18. Pons (1994) [44] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
19. Swanson (2011) [54] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
20. Wang (2018) [55] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
21. Zardoya (1996) [56] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |
22. Cho (2023) [57] | L | U | L | L | H | L | L |