Fig. 5

Inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β secretion by compound D, compound D acetate, DMPBD, and PE in LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-1β following treatment with (A) compound D, (B) compound D acetate, (C) DMPBD, and (D) PE. All values are presented as the mean ± SEM from four independent experiments (n = 4). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between samples at p < 0.05, as determined by ANOVA followed by LSD post-hoc test. CD: (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol (compound D), DA: (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl acetate (compound D acetate), DMPBD: (E)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene, PE: phenylbutenoid extract, Dex: dexamethasone, LPS: lipopolysaccharide