Table 5 Frequently used ingredients in oral herbal formulae in classical citations by inclusion in clinical trials and modern Chinese pharmacopoeia
Scientific name (main species)a | Herb name | Frequency (rank) in classical citations [year range]b | Frequency (rank) in formulae in SR 1c | Frequency (rank) in formulae in SR 2c | Used for RS in modern Chinese pharmacopoeia (Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnolia spp. flower bud | Xin yi (hua) | 162 (1) [1117–1949] | 30 (1) | 15 (1) | Yesd |
Angelica dahurica (Fisch ex Hoffm) Benth et Hook F | Bai zhi | 152 (2) [1117–1930] | 29 (2) | 14 (2) | Yesd |
Glycyrrhiza spp | Gan cao | 143 (3) [682–1949] | 16 (5) | 13 (3) | No |
Xanthium sibiricum Patr | Cang er (zi) | 135 (4) [1253–1930] | 26 (3) | 12 (4) | Yesd |
Mentha haplocalyx Briq | Bo he | 135 (4) [1253–1949] | 16 (5) | 6 (8) | No |
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort | Chuan xiong | 134 (6) [1117–1924] | 12 (7) | 6 (8) | No |
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | Huang qin | 102 (7) [1117–1949] | 22 (4) | 11 (5) | No |
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz) Schischk | Fang feng | 88 (8) [1117–1911] | 7 (18) | 3 (21) | No |
Panax ginseng C A Mey | Ren shen | 69 (9) [1117–1911] | 0 (NA) | 0 (NA) | No |
Allium fistulosum L | Cong (bai) | 69 (9) [1117–1930] | 0 (NA) | 0 (NA) | No |
Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels | Dang gui | 64 (11) [1117–1911] | 4 (29) | 4 (15) | No |
Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze | Cha (ye) | 64 (11) [1253–1928] | 0 (NA) | 0 (NA) | No |
Poria cocos Wolf | Fu ling | 62 (13) [1132–1945] | 10 (9) | 7 (6) | No |
Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq | Jing jie | 56 (14) [1117–1911] | 8 (15) | 1 (42) | No |
Ophiopogon japonicus (L f) Ker-Gawl | Mai men dong | 52 (15) [1117–1883] | 0 (NA) | 0 (NA) | No |
Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq) A DC | Jie geng | 49 (16) [1358–1949] | 11 (8) | 5 (12) | No |
Gardenia jasminoides Elli | Zhi zi | 48 (17) [1358–1949] | 9 (12) | 2 (28) | No |
Pinellia ternata (Thunb) Breit (processed) | Ban xia (fa) | 45 (18) [1132–1945] | 0 (NA) | 1 (42) | No |
Asarum spp | Xi xin | 44 (19) [1266–1924] | 5 (26) | 3 (21) | Yesd |
Gypsum fibrosum | Shi gao | 42 (20) [1117–1934] | 5 (26) | 0 (NA) | No |
Zingiber officinale Ros.; fresh/dried | Jiang; sheng/gan | 40; 28/12 (21) [1117–1911] | 0 (NA) | 0 (NA) | No |
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz | Bai zhu | 37 (22) [1358–1911] | 3 (33) | 6 (8) | No |