Table 1 Characteristics of included systematic reviews
Article ID | Location of RCTs included in SR | Language | Treatment group | Control group | Original author’s conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duan et al., 2020 | China, United States | English | Qigong | Usual care, or daily physical activity. | Qigong group showed significant improvement in physical fitness, fatigue, and sleep quality. |
Luo et al., 2020 | United States, China, Thailand. | English | Tai Chi | Non-exercised therapy, such as standard support therapy, usual health care, or blank control. | Tai Chi had significant effects on QoL in breast cancer patients. |
Ni et al., 2019 | China, United States | English | Tai Chi | Usual care, routine rehabilitation training, sham Tai Chi, aerobic exercise, health education, support group, psychological support, or cognitive behavioral therapy. | Tai Chi had significant improvement in physical and mental functioning. |
Song et al., 2020 | United States, China, Australia, and Malaysia | English | Tai Chi and Qigong | Usual care, low-intensity exercises, psychological therapy, sham Qigong, or hospital care. | 9 of 11 included RCTs reported significantly positive effects after QTC intervention on QoL. |
Van Vu et al., 2017 | China, Malaysia, South Korea, United States, Israel, and Australia. | English | Qigong | Usual care, placebo, herbal medicine, nonaerobic stretching, or sham Qigong. | Qigong had significant improvement in physical and psychological symptoms. |
Yan et al., 2013 | United States, China. | Chinese | Tai Chi | Psychological support therapy, standard health care, or routine rehabilitation training. | No significant evidence of Tai Chi on improving QoL. |
Yan et al., 2014 | China | English | Tai Chi | Psychosocial support therapy, standard health care, and conventional rehabilitation. | Tai Chi failed to improve other QoL subscales except emotional well-being. |
Zeng et al., 2013 | China, Australia, United States | English | Qigong/Tai Chi | Waiting list with usual care, psychosocial support, usual medical care, or TACE. | QTC showed improvement in physical functioning, vitality, social functioning, and mental health. |
Zeng et al., 2019 | China, United States | English | Qigong/Tai Chi | Usual care, support groups, waitlist control, or Sham Qigong. | QTC improved fatigue and sleep quality. |