Fig. 5

Minimal inhibitory concentration and biofilm inhibition of the herbal toothpaste against P.gingivalis. The toothpaste slurries and 0.12% chlorhexidine were prepared as serial dilutions from 40x–2048 × and the inhibitory effects were observed. a) The MIC of the H toothpaste was at the 160-fold dilution. 0.12% chlorhexidine demonstrated the lowest MIC at 320-fold dilution. b) A similar trend also seen in the biofilm inhbition assay. c) Statistical analysis indicated that at a 10,240-fold dilution H toothpaste slurry exhibited a significant higher biofilm inhibition compared with 0.12% chlorhexidine. *** = p < 0.001, * = p < 0.05. H = Herbal toothpaste